Common textile fiber properties and identification
First, textile fiber Tropical Floral Fabric,Tropical Print Fabric,Foliage Printing Fabric,Tropical Leaf Print Fabric SHAOXING YINFENG IMPORT AND EXPROT CO.,LTD , https://www.shaoxingyinfeng.com
1. Definition: Fiber is a natural or synthetic filamentous material, and textile fiber refers to the fiber used for woven fabric.
2, textile fiber characteristics: textile fiber has a certain length, fineness, elasticity, strength and other good physical properties. It also has good chemical stability. For example, natural fibers such as cotton, wool, silk and hemp are ideal textile fibers.
3. Classification of textile fibers: natural fibers and chemical fibers.
1 Natural fibers include plant fibers, animal fibers, and mineral fibers.
A plant fiber such as: cotton, hemp, fruit fiber.
B Animal fibers such as: wool, hair-free, silk.
C Mineral fiber such as: asbestos.
2 chemical fibers include recycled fibers, synthetic fibers and inorganic fibers.
A recycled fiber such as: viscose fiber, acetate fiber.
B Synthetic fiber such as: nylon, polyester, acrylic, spandex, vinylon, polypropylene, etc.
C Inorganic fibers such as glass fibers, metal fibers, and the like.
4. Textile properties of common textile fibers:
1 Wool: moisture absorption, elasticity, good performance, not resistant to insects, acid and metal-binding dyes.
2 Silk: moisture absorption, breathability, gloss and good performance, suitable for acid and direct dyes.
3 Cotton: Breathable, hygroscopic, good to take, resistant to insects, suitable for direct reduction of azo, alkaline medium, vulcanization, reactive dyes.
4 Viscose fiber: Hygroscopicity, good gas permeability, bright color, wide source of raw materials, low cost, close to natural fiber, suitable for dyes and cotton.
5 Polyester: fabric, good, cool, good shape retention, wear resistance, dimensional stability, easy to wash and dry, suitable for disperse dyes, diazo disperse dyes, soluble vat dyes.
6 Nylon: It has excellent abrasion resistance, poor gas permeability, suitable for acid dyes and scattered dyes.
7 Acrylic: good fluffiness, fur, suitable for disperse dyes, cationic dyes.
Second, the identification of fiber
1, identification method:
1 Identification methods include hand, visual, combustion, microscopy, dissolution, drug coloring, and infrared spectroscopy. In the actual identification, it is often necessary to use a variety of methods, comprehensive analysis and research to arrive at the results.
2 The general identification steps are as follows:
A. First, the natural and chemical fibers are identified by combustion.
B. If it is a natural fiber, microscopic observation is used to identify various plant fibers and animal fibers. If it is a chemical fiber, the differences in melting point, specific gravity, refractive index, and solubility of the fiber are distinguished one by one.
C. When identifying mixed fibers and blended yarns, it is generally confirmed by microscopic observation that several fibers are contained therein, and then identified one by one by an appropriate method.
D. For dyed or finished fibers, it is generally necessary to carry out dye stripping or other appropriate pretreatment to ensure reliable identification results.
2. Combustion properties of common fibers:
fiber
Near flame phenomenon
In the flame
After the flame
odor
ash
cotton
Near flame
combustion
Afterburning
Burning paper
Ashes are rarely soft black ash
hair
Melting flame
Melt and burn
Difficult to burn self-extinguishing
Singeing
Fragile crisp fluffy black silk